by Emrah Yenier
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario
Prediction of ground motions that can be created by anticipated earthquakes is one of the vital issues in the mitigation of earthquake hazard. The predicted amplitudes are used for seismic design of structures and rehabilitation of existing buildings. Empirical data obtained from past earthquakes constitute the essential input for the estimation of ground motions. However, they are limited in terms of prediction of ground motions for wide ranges of magnitude, distance and site conditions in most of the tectonically active regions. Simulated ground motions are, therefore, widely used in engineering seismology and earthquake engineering related studies, especially for regions where the ground-motion data is sparse. Several approaches have been proposed for the generation of synthetic ground motions. All these methods have their own advantages and limitations. This situation makes the selection of the most suitable method for a given simulation task difficult. This paper presents an overview of stochastic, deterministic and hybrid simulation methods in terms of their modeling perspectives. It aims to highlight the advantages and limitations of these simulation methods by referring to their modeling principles to help decision makers for the selection of the appropriate method. The features of the simulation techniques presented in this paper indicate that the selection of the appropriate method is not only governed by the capabilities of the methods but also the availability of the resources (e.g. financial, time and data).
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